Fred Turner started his talk with “In 64, computer is symbol of repression. Today, computer is the symbol of liberation.”

How did the two worlds come together?
1990s. Techno-utopianism emerged.
Is it always true for new technologies, or it is the fact that new “virtual class” needed new idiologies?

Back to the Land movement: want to be whole again.

Technophilic
Reversionary
Communal:
Alternative
Empowering

The story of WELL

Brand was rock star in 70s. In 80s, he get in touch with computer industry

Back to land communities, hackers and journalists get together. (And dead heads.) These networks converged together in WELL.

Digital real time
Simultaneous rolesinteractive community
Distributed value